/*=========================================================================

  Program:   Visualization Toolkit
  Module:    vtkPerspectiveTransform.h

  Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
  All rights reserved.
  See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.

     This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
     the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notice for more information.

=========================================================================*/

/**
 * @class   vtkPerspectiveTransform
 * @brief   describes a 4x4 matrix transformation
 *
 * A vtkPerspectiveTransform can be used to describe the full range of
 * homogeneous transformations.  It was designed in particular
 * to describe a camera-view of a scene.
 * <P>The order in which you set up the display coordinates (via
 * AdjustZBuffer() and AdjustViewport()), the projection (via Perspective(),
 * Frustum(), or Ortho()) and the camera view (via SetupCamera()) are
 * important.  If the transform is in PreMultiply mode, which is the
 * default, set the Viewport and ZBuffer first, then the projection, and
 * finally the camera view.  Once the view is set up, the Translate
 * and Rotate methods can be used to move the camera around in world
 * coordinates.  If the Oblique() or Stereo() methods are used, they
 * should be called just before SetupCamera().
 * <P>In PostMultiply mode, you must perform all transformations
 * in the opposite order.  This is necessary, for example, if you
 * already have a perspective transformation set up but must adjust
 * the viewport.  Another example is if you have a view transformation,
 * and wish to perform translations and rotations in the camera's
 * coordinate system rather than in world coordinates.
 * <P>The SetInput and Concatenate methods can be used to create
 * a transformation pipeline with vtkPerspectiveTransform.  See vtkTransform
 * for more information on the transformation pipeline.
 * @sa
 * vtkGeneralTransform vtkTransform vtkMatrix4x4 vtkCamera
 */

#ifndef vtkPerspectiveTransform_h
#define vtkPerspectiveTransform_h

#include "vtkCommonTransformsModule.h" // For export macro
#include "vtkHomogeneousTransform.h"

#include "vtkMatrix4x4.h" // Needed for inline methods

class VTKCOMMONTRANSFORMS_EXPORT vtkPerspectiveTransform : public vtkHomogeneousTransform
{
public:
  static vtkPerspectiveTransform* New();
  vtkTypeMacro(vtkPerspectiveTransform, vtkHomogeneousTransform);
  void PrintSelf(ostream& os, vtkIndent indent) override;

  /**
   * Set this transformation to the identity transformation.  If
   * the transform has an Input, then the transformation will be
   * reset so that it is the same as the Input.
   */
  void Identity()
  {
    this->Concatenation->Identity();
    this->Modified();
  }

  /**
   * Invert the transformation.  This will also set a flag so that
   * the transformation will use the inverse of its Input, if an Input
   * has been set.
   */
  void Inverse() override
  {
    this->Concatenation->Inverse();
    this->Modified();
  }

  /**
   * Perform an adjustment to the viewport coordinates.  By default Ortho,
   * Frustum, and Perspective provide a window of ([-1,+1],[-1,+1]).
   * In PreMultiply mode, you call this method before calling Ortho, Frustum,
   * or Perspective.  In PostMultiply mode you can call it after.  Note
   * that if you must apply both AdjustZBuffer and AdjustViewport, it
   * makes no difference which order you apply them in.
   */
  void AdjustViewport(double oldXMin, double oldXMax, double oldYMin, double oldYMax,
    double newXMin, double newXMax, double newYMin, double newYMax);

  /**
   * Perform an adjustment to the Z-Buffer range that the near and far
   * clipping planes map to.  By default Ortho, Frustum, and Perspective
   * map the near clipping plane to -1 and the far clipping plane to +1.
   * In PreMultiply mode, you call this method before calling Ortho, Frustum,
   * or Perspective.  In PostMultiply mode you can call it after.
   */
  void AdjustZBuffer(double oldNearZ, double oldFarZ, double newNearZ, double newFarZ);

  /**
   * Create an orthogonal projection matrix and concatenate it by the
   * current transformation.  The matrix maps [xmin,xmax], [ymin,ymax],
   * [-znear,-zfar] to [-1,+1], [-1,+1], [+1,-1].
   */
  void Ortho(double xmin, double xmax, double ymin, double ymax, double znear, double zfar);

  /**
   * Create an perspective projection matrix and concatenate it by the
   * current transformation.  The matrix maps a frustum with a back
   * plane at -zfar and a front plane at -znear with extent
   * [xmin,xmax],[ymin,ymax] to [-1,+1], [-1,+1], [+1,-1].
   */
  void Frustum(double xmin, double xmax, double ymin, double ymax, double znear, double zfar);

  /**
   * Create a perspective projection matrix by specifying the view angle
   * (this angle is in the y direction), the aspect ratio, and the near
   * and far clipping range.  The projection matrix is concatenated
   * with the current transformation.  This method works via Frustum.
   */
  void Perspective(double angle, double aspect, double znear, double zfar);

  /**
   * Create a shear transformation about a plane at distance z from
   * the camera.  The values dxdz (i.e. dx/dz) and dydz specify the
   * amount of shear in the x and y directions.  The 'zplane' specifies
   * the distance from the camera to the plane at which the shear
   * causes zero displacement.  Generally you want this plane to be the
   * focal plane.
   * This transformation can be used in combination with Ortho to create
   * an oblique projection.  It can also be used in combination with
   * Perspective to provide correct stereo views when the eye is at
   * arbitrary but known positions relative to the center of a flat
   * viewing screen.
   */
  void Shear(double dxdz, double dydz, double zplane);

  /**
   * Create a stereo shear matrix and concatenate it with the
   * current transformation.  This can be applied in conjunction with either a
   * perspective transformation (via Frustum or Projection) or an
   * orthographic projection.  You must specify the distance from
   * the camera plane to the focal plane, and the angle between
   * the distance vector and the eye.  The angle should be negative
   * for the left eye, and positive for the right.  This method
   * works via Oblique.
   */
  void Stereo(double angle, double focaldistance);

  /**
   * Set a view transformation matrix for the camera (this matrix does
   * not contain any perspective) and concatenate it with the current
   * transformation.
   */
  void SetupCamera(const double position[3], const double focalpoint[3], const double viewup[3]);

  void SetupCamera(double p0, double p1, double p2, double fp0, double fp1, double fp2, double vup0,
    double vup1, double vup2);

  ///@{
  /**
   * Create a translation matrix and concatenate it with the current
   * transformation according to PreMultiply or PostMultiply semantics.
   */
  void Translate(double x, double y, double z) { this->Concatenation->Translate(x, y, z); }
  void Translate(const double x[3]) { this->Translate(x[0], x[1], x[2]); }
  void Translate(const float x[3]) { this->Translate(x[0], x[1], x[2]); }
  ///@}

  ///@{
  /**
   * Create a rotation matrix and concatenate it with the current
   * transformation according to PreMultiply or PostMultiply semantics.
   * The angle is in degrees, and (x,y,z) specifies the axis that the
   * rotation will be performed around.
   */
  void RotateWXYZ(double angle, double x, double y, double z)
  {
    this->Concatenation->Rotate(angle, x, y, z);
  }
  void RotateWXYZ(double angle, const double axis[3])
  {
    this->RotateWXYZ(angle, axis[0], axis[1], axis[2]);
  }
  void RotateWXYZ(double angle, const float axis[3])
  {
    this->RotateWXYZ(angle, axis[0], axis[1], axis[2]);
  }
  ///@}

  ///@{
  /**
   * Create a rotation matrix about the X, Y, or Z axis and concatenate
   * it with the current transformation according to PreMultiply or
   * PostMultiply semantics.  The angle is expressed in degrees.
   */
  void RotateX(double angle) { this->RotateWXYZ(angle, 1, 0, 0); }
  void RotateY(double angle) { this->RotateWXYZ(angle, 0, 1, 0); }
  void RotateZ(double angle) { this->RotateWXYZ(angle, 0, 0, 1); }
  ///@}

  ///@{
  /**
   * Create a scale matrix (i.e. set the diagonal elements to x, y, z)
   * and concatenate it with the current transformation according to
   * PreMultiply or PostMultiply semantics.
   */
  void Scale(double x, double y, double z) { this->Concatenation->Scale(x, y, z); }
  void Scale(const double s[3]) { this->Scale(s[0], s[1], s[2]); }
  void Scale(const float s[3]) { this->Scale(s[0], s[1], s[2]); }
  ///@}

  ///@{
  /**
   * Set the current matrix directly.  This actually calls Identity(),
   * followed by Concatenate(matrix).
   */
  void SetMatrix(vtkMatrix4x4* matrix) { this->SetMatrix(*matrix->Element); }
  void SetMatrix(const double elements[16])
  {
    this->Identity();
    this->Concatenate(elements);
  }
  ///@}

  ///@{
  /**
   * Concatenates the matrix with the current transformation according
   * to PreMultiply or PostMultiply semantics.
   */
  void Concatenate(vtkMatrix4x4* matrix) { this->Concatenate(*matrix->Element); }
  void Concatenate(const double elements[16]) { this->Concatenation->Concatenate(elements); }
  ///@}

  /**
   * Concatenate the specified transform with the current transformation
   * according to PreMultiply or PostMultiply semantics.
   * The concatenation is pipelined, meaning that if any of the
   * transformations are changed, even after Concatenate() is called,
   * those changes will be reflected when you call TransformPoint().
   */
  void Concatenate(vtkHomogeneousTransform* transform);

  /**
   * Sets the internal state of the transform to PreMultiply. All subsequent
   * operations will occur before those already represented in the
   * current transformation.  In homogeneous matrix notation, M = M*A where
   * M is the current transformation matrix and A is the applied matrix.
   * The default is PreMultiply.
   */
  void PreMultiply()
  {
    if (this->Concatenation->GetPreMultiplyFlag())
    {
      return;
    }
    this->Concatenation->SetPreMultiplyFlag(1);
    this->Modified();
  }

  /**
   * Sets the internal state of the transform to PostMultiply. All subsequent
   * operations will occur after those already represented in the
   * current transformation.  In homogeneous matrix notation, M = A*M where
   * M is the current transformation matrix and A is the applied matrix.
   * The default is PreMultiply.
   */
  void PostMultiply()
  {
    if (!this->Concatenation->GetPreMultiplyFlag())
    {
      return;
    }
    this->Concatenation->SetPreMultiplyFlag(0);
    this->Modified();
  }

  /**
   * Get the total number of transformations that are linked into this
   * one via Concatenate() operations or via SetInput().
   */
  int GetNumberOfConcatenatedTransforms()
  {
    return this->Concatenation->GetNumberOfTransforms() + (this->Input == nullptr ? 0 : 1);
  }

  ///@{
  /**
   * Get one of the concatenated transformations as a vtkAbstractTransform.
   * These transformations are applied, in series, every time the
   * transformation of a coordinate occurs.  This method is provided
   * to make it possible to decompose a transformation into its
   * constituents, for example to save a transformation to a file.
   */
  vtkHomogeneousTransform* GetConcatenatedTransform(int i)
  {
    vtkAbstractTransform* t;
    if (this->Input == nullptr)
    {
      t = this->Concatenation->GetTransform(i);
    }
    else if (i < this->Concatenation->GetNumberOfPreTransforms())
    {
      t = this->Concatenation->GetTransform(i);
    }
    else if (i > this->Concatenation->GetNumberOfPreTransforms())
    {
      t = this->Concatenation->GetTransform(i - 1);
    }
    else if (this->GetInverseFlag())
    {
      t = this->Input->GetInverse();
    }
    else
    {
      t = this->Input;
    }
    return static_cast<vtkHomogeneousTransform*>(t);
  }
  ///@}

  ///@{
  /**
   * Set the input for this transformation.  This will be used as the
   * base transformation if it is set.  This method allows you to build
   * a transform pipeline: if the input is modified, then this transformation
   * will automatically update accordingly.  Note that the InverseFlag,
   * controlled via Inverse(), determines whether this transformation
   * will use the Input or the inverse of the Input.
   */
  void SetInput(vtkHomogeneousTransform* input);
  vtkHomogeneousTransform* GetInput() { return this->Input; }
  ///@}

  /**
   * Get the inverse flag of the transformation.  This controls
   * whether it is the Input or the inverse of the Input that
   * is used as the base transformation.  The InverseFlag is
   * flipped every time Inverse() is called.  The InverseFlag
   * is off when a transform is first created.
   */
  int GetInverseFlag() { return this->Concatenation->GetInverseFlag(); }

  ///@{
  /**
   * Pushes the current transformation onto the transformation stack.
   */
  void Push()
  {
    if (this->Stack == nullptr)
    {
      this->Stack = vtkTransformConcatenationStack::New();
    }
    this->Stack->Push(&this->Concatenation);
    this->Modified();
  }
  ///@}

  ///@{
  /**
   * Deletes the transformation on the top of the stack and sets the top
   * to the next transformation on the stack.
   */
  void Pop()
  {
    if (this->Stack == nullptr)
    {
      return;
    }
    this->Stack->Pop(&this->Concatenation);
    this->Modified();
  }
  ///@}

  /**
   * Make a new transform of the same type -- you are responsible for
   * deleting the transform when you are done with it.
   */
  vtkAbstractTransform* MakeTransform() override;

  /**
   * Check for self-reference.  Will return true if concatenating
   * with the specified transform, setting it to be our inverse,
   * or setting it to be our input will create a circular reference.
   * CircuitCheck is automatically called by SetInput(), SetInverse(),
   * and Concatenate(vtkXTransform *).  Avoid using this function,
   * it is experimental.
   */
  int CircuitCheck(vtkAbstractTransform* transform) override;

  /**
   * Override GetMTime to account for input and concatenation.
   */
  vtkMTimeType GetMTime() override;

protected:
  vtkPerspectiveTransform();
  ~vtkPerspectiveTransform() override;

  void InternalDeepCopy(vtkAbstractTransform* t) override;
  void InternalUpdate() override;

  vtkHomogeneousTransform* Input;
  vtkTransformConcatenation* Concatenation;
  vtkTransformConcatenationStack* Stack;

private:
  vtkPerspectiveTransform(const vtkPerspectiveTransform&) = delete;
  void operator=(const vtkPerspectiveTransform&) = delete;
};

#endif
